Introduction to the Psalms
The purpose of the division of the Psalms into five books (1-41, 42-72, 73-89, 90-106, 107-150) is not clear. The divisions may be based on the use of the names of God, traditional collections, or other factors. Recent studies have suggested the possibility of thoughtful structures, often chiastic (as noted in the NIV Study Bible, 2002). Both the Hebrew and Greek (Septuagint) have 150 psalms but they arrive at the number differently. The Septuagint unites 9-10 and 114-115, but divides 116 and 147. The Septuagint has an extra psalm at the end but it is not numbered separately, thus maintaining the numbered psalms at 150.

Book I (Psalm 1-41)
Note: The reader may wish to mark a personal Bible with the stanzas and subsections outlined in the general notes and reading notes below.

Psalm 1
The first Book is framed by "blessing" psalms (1-2, 40-41) which may be categorized as wisdom psalms. Wisdom psalms use contrast to describe the godly life in the kingdom of God. The first Book contains psalms of praise, descriptions of the folly of human efforts apart from God's wisdom, and instruction in dependence on God.
Reading: Psalm 1:1-6
Psalm 1 contrasts the godly man who is blessed (verses 1-3) and the wicked who cannot stand against God's judgment (verses 4-6). A godly person avoids interactions with the wicked, sinners, and mockers. Psalm 1 foreshadows Paul's reminder that bad company corrupts good character (1 Corinthians 15:33). We become like those we spend time around. Spending time with the word of the Lord becomes a delight to those who seek God's presence. We become like what we think about. Meditating on God's word continually strengthens the godly life, putting down deep roots and bringing fruitfulness, perseverance, and prosperity.
The wicked do not have strong foundations and are blown by the winds of life. The wicked will not endure judgment, and have no desire to spend time with the righteous. God supports, strengthens, and guards the righteous.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, may this day be a day of growth in righteousness. Help me avoid evil, walk away from temptation, and seek that which is best. Thank you for your word and its power in my life. Make me strong and solid, fruitful and consistent. May the things I attempt to your glory prosper, not for me but for you. Thank you for the promise of your continual care. In Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 2
The first book of the Psalms (1-41) is framed by blessings (1:1, 2:13, 40:4, 41:1). In addition to the "blessed is the man?." of Psalm 1, one finds "blessed are all who take refuge in him," "blessed is the man who makes the Lord his trust," and "blessed is he who has regard for the weak." These four psalms encourage us to contemplate the truth that God blesses those who seek righteousness, those who depend on God and trust in him, and those who are concerned about the weak.
Psalm 2 is a royal psalm, perhaps used at coronations of kings of the Davidic lineage. Its focus is on God's covenantal protection and power for those leaders who faithfully do God's will. Earthly powers cannot stand against those who have God on their side. The outstanding application of the psalm is to Christ the King (2:6,11).
Reading: Psalm 2:1-13
Regardless of the how powerful the forces of evil that surround us may seem, they are powerless against those God has chosen (anointed). God's supreme omnipotence only laughs at the meager efforts of those who would attempt to stand against him. Further, God empowers his covenant children against all opponents. The Psalmist anticipates that the ultimate expression of God's covenant love will be that his Son will provide deliverance and protection for all his sons. That is, the Anointed Messiah will provide salvation for God's children. Indeed, blessed are those who seek and find and enjoy refuge in Christ.
Prayer
Dear God, help me this day to be a faithful covenant person, confidently capable of overcoming the opposing forces in this world through my dependence on and refuge in Christ. Help me by faith to see further than the events of this day. Empower me as I seek to extend the kingdom to the ends of the earth. Thank you for revealing Christ as King of my life, may I live in faithful allegiance. Thank you for giving us access to your throne through Christ, as we pray in his name, Amen.

Psalm 3
The next twelve psalms (3-14) generally belong to the category of psalms of deliverance and praise. The NIV Study Bible notes suggest a 5+1+5+1 pattern. Psalms 3-7 are followed by Psalm 8, a creation psalm which declares the glory of God. Psalm 8 is also recognized as a Messianic psalm with a clear reference to Christ as the one through whom God's glory ultimately comes to human beings. Five more psalms or prayers of deliverance and praise (9-13) are followed by Psalm 14, a description of the folly of humanity when God's glory is refused.
Reading: Psalm 3:1-8
It is no small thing to pray with confidence. In this psalm, David finds assurance in God in the face of enemies. The psalm likely refers to David's flight during the rebellion of Absalom. God is a shield who gives his people glory. (Note how this foreshadows Psalm 8 which caps the subsection.) God answers the cries of his children. The Psalmist rests in peace in his dependence on God. God delivers because God desires to bless his creation.
May we today pray with confidence about whatever difficulties and challenges we confront. God is on his throne, orchestrating the affairs of this world, listening to our prayers, protecting his children, guiding and directing into his glory. Deliverance comes from God, in God's ways and in God's time.
Prayer
Dear God, this day I want to know the confidence reflected in this psalm. Teach me to depend on you, to accept your glory as you bring it into my life, and to await your deliverance from the difficulties I experience. I declare that you are my God, in all of your splendor and majesty. Show me the way and help me walk in it faithfully, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 4
This psalm continues a series of short psalms that call upon God to deliver, expressing confidence in God's willingness to act.
Reading: Psalm 4:1-8
Lest the psalmist's plaintiff cry seem too directional in demanding that God act, the first verse can be understood as a request. "May God answer, may God give me relief, may God be merciful and hear my prayer." God honors godly people and sets them apart for his own possession. Therefore, the psalmist is confident that God will act. Such confidence comes from heart-searching and silence before God, commitment and sacrifice and trust. Such joyful confidence surpasses the joy of the blessings of the harvest.
Therefore, the psalmist affirms that he can sleep at night despite the difficulties of life. "I will lie down and sleep in peace, for you alone, O Lord, make me dwell in safety."
Prayer
Heavenly Father, we want to know that you hear and that you respond to our cries. We want to know your mercy and love. Give the ability to see deep within ourselves and silently wait before you. Thank you for your protection. We rejoice in you. In Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 5
Often recognized as a morning prayer, the psalm is also a cry for help and deliverance. The Psalmist again affirms confidence in God's help because God is the righteous ruler of his creation.
Reading: Psalm 5:1-12
God, hear me because I depend only on you, and I expectantly wait for you. You overcome the evil and arrogant and deceitful. Therefore I joyfully and reverently come to you, and seek your guidance. You judge justly.
The phrases used by the psalmist to describe relationship with God are encouraging and challenging. May you today find refuge and joy in the Lord. May you be among those who love the name of the Lord and know God's protection. God blesses the righteous and surrounds us with his favor, shielding us from evil.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, this morning we face a new day knowing that it will not be a perfect day and that we will face challenges and obstacles that seek to distract us from who we are and what we are to do. The words and actions of others are sometimes hurtful. Help us to know your presence and react in the love and spirit and justice of your name and nature, knowing that you take pleasure in those who seek your presence. Declare me righteous in Christ, and surround me with your protection against temptation and evil, in Jesus' holy name, Amen.

Psalm 6
This psalm may have been written in a time of illness, suggesting a possible contemporary use. The illness described may also be as much spiritual as physical, but verse 5 seems to be a reference to possible death, suggesting some overwhelming physical malady. The point is that times of weakness are also times that tempt us to turn from God. This may explain why the psalm is traditionally included with the penitential psalms.
Reading: Psalm 6:1-10
When my soul and entire being is in anguish for the circumstances in which I find myself, my temptation is turn from God. Yet in my heart of hearts I desire to turn to God praying that he will turn to me in his steadfast love and unfailing mercy. When I tire of life's groaning and cannot see my way because of all that is against me, God hears my cries. As I humbly present myself to God in my weakness, may my cries and sorrow be heard. As the Lord accepts my prayer, may all that works against me be brought down.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, we depend on you knowing that we are imperfect and that we often fail. Help us to know godly sorrow in the face of our weaknesses and sins. Forgive us and heal us in your mercy that we may know your love and mercy. In Jesus' name we pray, Amen.

Psalm 7
This psalm has elements of an appeal before a court, in this case the court in which God sits as righteous and just judge. To appeal to God's justice demands that we ourselves be pure and without blame.
The recurring theme of Psalm 3-7 continues: God acts in the midst of difficulties and is always worthy of praise as he protects and shields his people in their weakness and tendency to walk away from him.
Reading: Psalm 7:1-17
One way to pray the biblical text is to identify the phrases that are especially meaningful in one's own life. These vary depending upon the present circumstances of one's life. Thus the process of praying the text is always fresh and new, and it corresponds to one's life situation. For example, in this psalm I notice the phrase "judge me, O Lord, according to my righteousness and integrity" and I think about how frightening that is at times. How bold to ask God for justice. On the other hand, I rejoice to think that righteousness and justice could be firmly established in this world, and that it will occur because of penitent hearts are turned toward God. How can I understand God's daily righteous indignation? I am thankful for the promise of God's protective shield. I want to be God's laborer to bring his will to reality. How can I not give him thanks for his righteousness and sing praise to the name of the Most High Lord.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, this day we seek your righteousness, not on the basis of our own acts, but because you are our shield and protector, because you save those who are yours. We pray for your action in the world to bring about righteousness, defeating evil and advancing good. May we see how you wish us to be your hands and presence. We sing praise to you this day because you are righteous. May we become like you, through Jesus we seek this transformation and come before your righteous throne, Amen.

Psalm 8
The prayers and expressions of confidence in God from Psalms 3-7 climax in this psalm. The Creator God sits majestically above all. The created world reflects God's glory. The glory of God is also seen in his willingness to condescend to his human creation and crown human beings with his glory.
Reading: Psalm 8:1-9
Every part of God's creation declares and praises him. Of all creation, only human beings can choose not to participate in declaring and praising God, actions that are natural to the rest of the created world. That God has thus exalted human beings is astonishing. As one contemplates the world and God's overwhelming power, how can one not stand in awe?
The Hebrew writer applies this psalm to Jesus (Heb. 2:6-8) but that application should not take away from the fact that God cares for and exalts human beings as the pinnacle of his creation.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, we declare your majesty and grandeur as we look at the world in which you have placed us. We do not understand your great love and mercy, yet we desire to develop that same love and mercy as we imitate and become like you. We thank you for showing us the way through Christ. Thank you for the opportunity to come before your throne in prayer, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 9
Some studies treat Psalms 3-14 as a subsection of Book I of the psalms. The next five psalms (9-13) capped by Psalm 14 provide an echo or counterpoint to the five psalms (3-7) which climax with Psalm 8. The pleas for God's presence and intervention express confidence in God's ability to act (3-7, 9-13). Psalms 3-7 point to Psalm 8, the glory of God as seen in the majesty of creation. Psalms 9-13 point to Psalm 14, the folly of humanity as God looks down and sees that "all have turned aside."
Psalms 9 and 10 together form a single acrostic poem in which the stanzas begin with successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. They form one psalm in the Septuagint.
Reading: Psalm 9:1-20
The righteous God destroys the enemies of his faithful people, redressing wrongs. The righteous God is to be praised. Even when God's justice is not immediately apparent, one can confidently affirm God's rule. The psalm concludes with an appeal to God to continue to rule and direct the nations.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, we are often troubled because the wrongs of this world are not immediately righted, and at times it seems that justice never comes. Help us find rest and refuge in you, confident that you are righteous and reigning forever. We ask you for justice and goodness in this world and the lives of those we love. Remember us in our needs, and deliver us from those who would work unrighteousness against us. We gratefully pray your presence in our lives, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 10
This psalm continues the series of prayers for rescue and deliverance. Coupled with Psalm 9 to form one psalm in the Septuagint, this psalm should be read in that larger context.
Reading: Psalm 10:1-18
The appeal for God to rule at the end of the previous psalm leads to the question of why God's involvement and righteous judgment are not more visible. Why does God distance himself? God's apparent absence only encourages the wicked (vv. 1-11). The description of the wicked in 10:4 is often cited: "In his pride the wicked does not seek him; in all his thoughts there is no room for God."
Thus the psalmist calls on God to arise and act (vv. 12-15). The psalm concludes with confident affirmation that God is forever king, hearing, encouraging, listening, and defending. Mere humans who can call on only earthly power are no match for God, and God's people live in peace and not terror when they see by faith God's presence in the world.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, help us this day to know your presence in our lives and in this world. Open our eyes and buoy our spirits in difficult days and tempestuous times. Remind us that all are called to account, and that you are not distanced and uninvolved in our lives. We ask that you work righteousness and goodness in our lives and the lives of those we love and touch this day. Arise and take into your own hand the needs of those who strive to do right and glorify your name. You are the very center of our thoughts and hopes and goals. Walk with us and bring us closer to you, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 11
Few moments of life are more difficult than when it seems the opponents are winning and about to overwhelm us. In this psalm, we find a confident affirmation of trust in God's righteousness.
Reading: Psalm 11:1-7
The psalm contains two major sections. In verses 1-3 David declares his trust in the Lord. Such trust does not flee in the face of trouble. How unthinkable that one would counsel flight. David affirms his dependence on and confidence in God, and urges others to find refuge in God. Refuge in God does not depend on absence from this world-it is not necessary to flee like a bird to the secure places. Security and refuge are possible even in the midst of a troubled, threatening world. The forces around us, bent on assaulting the upright in heart, seek to overwhelm us. One may ask with good reason, "What can the righteous do?" When the evil in our world surges and we can no longer depend upon a moral world order, what shall we do? When evil overcomes goodness, where shall we turn?
Verses 4-7 give reply. Never fear-God is yet in his holy temple, God is on the throne. The challenge that faces God's people is to remember and constantly proclaim that God is on the throne! God is in control. Life must be built on the foundation of God.
The recurring emphasis on righteousness (chapters 1,4,5,7,9,11) is worth noting. God loves righteousness; the righteous will see his face.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, help us confront the difficulties around us because of our trust in you. Encourage us as we are tempted to flee and withdraw from the world. Show us what the righteous can do and give us boldness and stamina to act, because you are in control and orchestrating the affairs of this world. Declare us righteous in Christ as we have become like him, imitating him in death, burial, and resurrection to new life. We pray in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 12
Standing firm when all around us and other people are going in the opposite direction is difficult. The psalmist feels alone and deserted. This is a psalm to read in times of fear, doubt, and loneliness.
Reading: Psalm 12:1-8
The psalm contains four two-verse couplets. The psalmist expresses his concern that godliness has disappeared from the earth, he prays for God to intervene against those who have become proud, in reassurance God promises to act and his words are sure and pure, therefore God's protection is certain even in the midst of evil.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, it sometimes appears that all concern for piety, godliness, and righteousness has been eliminated from our society. We look around and find few who think as we do or share the values we find in your Word. We ask you to work in our world against those who will say and do anything to advance their own cause. We believe your promises and depend on your love and protection and rescue. Keep us safe this day, not only physically but spiritually, as we seek to declare your glory in our lives. We pray in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 13
The psalm seems to ask God's help in times of prolonged illness. In the case of the psalmist, some seem pleased that he is ill and perhaps near death. Given the possibility and nature of figurative language, other applications besides illness may be in view.
Reading: Psalm 13:1-6
This psalm has three two-verse sections. David's complaint and plea may come from a time of severe illness (1-2). This idea is based on the fact that he seems to seek deliverance from the possibility of death (3-4). Following the general pattern of most of the psalms in this section (3-14), the conclusion of the psalm expresses confidence in God (5-6). This is often memorized: "But I trust in your unfailing love; my heart rejoices in your salvation. I will sing to the Lord, for he has been good to me."
Prayer
Heavenly Father, we ask to see your presence in the midst of life's difficulties. Answer our prayers as we in anguish seek answers. We want to grow in our trust and know firsthand your unfailing love. We rejoice because you have brought us to this point. You have been good to us, you have saved us and we cannot but praise you for all that you have done. We are especially grateful that you have revealed yourself and brought us hope through Jesus, and we pray in his name, Amen.

Psalm 14
This psalm seems to serve as the cap to Psalms 9-13 and as counterpoint to Psalm 8. In contrast to the obvious majesty of God (Psalm 8), some would yet life in folly as if there were no God (Psalm 14:1).
Reading: Psalm 14:1-7
The wicked, as described in verses 1-3, will surely be exposed. God will protect his people, the righteous and the poor. The last verse of the psalm appeals for God's saving power and the restoration of the fortunes of God's people. The verse serves as a fitting conclusion to Psalm 14 and also to the entire section (Psalms 3-14). The plea for salvation from Zion may be seen as a Messianic foreshadowing.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, we can imagine nothing worse than to be counted among the foolish that live as though you do not exist. We admit that some days you seem far away and we hardly think about you. But we also affirm that in the midst of our busyness we want your presence in our lives. You are our refuge; we depend on you to save and to keep us saved; the fortunes we seek above all else are spiritual and eternal. Make this a day of rejoicing and gladness through Jesus Christ, in whose name we pray, Amen.

Psalm 15
Stek, noting the parallel between this psalm and Psalm 24, suggests a chiastic structure for this section from Psalm 15 to Psalm 24, centered in Psalm 19 ("Significant Arrangement of the Psalter," NIV Study Bible, 2002, p. 784). The general theme of the section continues the confessions of confidence, praise, and pleas for rescue of Psalm 3-14, with Psalm 19 reflecting some elements of Psalm 8 and suggesting a solution to the human follow of Psalm 14.
Reading: Psalm 15:1-5
The question of how one may have access to God is timeless. The etymology of the word "religion" suggests rebinding or reconnection. This psalm provides a challenging call to worship, even in the contemporary church as it assembles. It also guides the daily walk of God's children and may be classed as a wisdom psalm.
The psalm has a 1-3-1 pattern, with the question of verse 1 answered in verses 2-4 and summarized and affirmed in verse 5. One should note the continued focus on righteousness.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, as we seek your continual presence in our lives and seek to dwell in the protection of your holiness, help us walk in righteousness, truth, and loving relationships with those around us. Help us flee from evil, honor righteousness, and live honestly. Establish us firmly in your way so that we are not tossed and shaken by the instability of this world. We seek firm foundations in Jesus, believing that you faithfully work for our good, in Jesus' holy and righteous name, Amen.

Psalm 16
Prayer psalms often have a very short petition, followed by affirmations of faith and confidence in God's past, present, and future actions. In the arrangement of the Psalms suggested by Stek (see Psalm 15 guide), this psalm sits in thematic parallel to Psalm 23. Both are psalms of David. Given the familiarity of Psalm 23 to most readers, this parallel provides an interesting framework for the reading of this psalm.
The reader will note Messianic references in the psalm. Psalm 16:5-6 is frequently memorized. While this psalm is not as well known as Psalm 23, it becomes a favorite for many as they become familiar with it.
Reading: Psalm 16:1-11
One may find it helpful to consider the psalm as having four sections:
1-4, God is David's source of goodness
5-6, God has assigned David his portion
7-8, unshakable confidence in God's counsel, instruction, and presence
9-11, security in God's protection and provision
Prayer
Dear Heavenly Father, we want to know today your goodness as we praise and honor you with our lives. Thank you for the way you continually provide for us and bless us beyond measure. We are grateful for your protection and guidance. Thank you for your continued presence and the promise that you will not abandon us. We anticipate the eternal joy of your presence one day, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 17
This psalm has six sections. The introduction and conclusion enclose four sections whose pattern may be described as "a-c-b-c" (where "a" is a description of David, "b" is a description of David's adversaries, and "c" is petition. (See outline below.) The psalm has striking connections with Psalm 22.
Reading: Psalm 17:1-15
Following is an outline guide for reading the psalm: Introductory appeal (1-2), David's resolve and commitment (3-5), petition (6-9), accusation (10-12), petition (13-14), concluding confidence (14-15).
Suggestion: underlining phrases or verses that grab the reader's attention provide a way to find special verses in future reading and study. One may also wish to write in outline suggestions for future reading or study.
Prayer
Dear Heavenly Father, difficulties seem to be a part of life, and we do not know where to turn but to you. We seek your righteousness; we want to do what is right. Help us know your great love and protection. We believe you work for good in our lives. Help us grow in faith today, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 18
This psalm also appears in 2 Samuel 22 (with a few differences). This connection with the historical narrative provides a context for understanding. Three major sections reflect the content of the psalm (I called to the Lord, he responded, there is none like him) and are enclosed by an introduction and conclusion.
Reading: Psalm 18:1-50
Following is an outline guide for reading the psalm: introductory praise (1-3), David's call to God (4-19), God's response (20-29), God's nature and action on behalf of his people (30-45). The concluding paragraph (46-50) is quite similar to the preceding section, but concludes with David's commitment to praise the Lord (49).
Prayer
Our heavenly Father, we praise you today as our strength, rock, fortress, deliverer, refuge, shield, salvation, and stronghold. We call to you because you are perfect, your word flawless. You are indeed God and there is no other God besides you. You empower our loves and lead us in righteousness. You deliver us from evil. May we never cease to praise you; may we boldly declare you to all those around us. We are grateful for your unfailing love, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 19
This psalm, as Psalm 8, sings the majestic glory of God. In the larger arrangement of the Psalter, we have reached the midway point between Psalm 15 and Psalm 24.
God's creation and God's word are perfect declarations of God's nature, and provide instruction for wise living. The closing prayer (12-14) recognizes that even in the face of such glory and instruction, God's human creation suffers from hidden faults, a stubborn will, and false speech. Many parts of this psalm have been favorite memory verses, especially the last verse: "May the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be pleasing in your sight, O Lord, my Rock and my Redeemer."
Reading: Psalm 19:1-14
God is seen in creation. This is often referred to as general revelation. God is visible and makes himself known. God is also seen through his word. This is often referred to as specific revelation, and it provides instruction for God's servant. The parallel structure of verses 7-11 provides a majestic description of God's word, capped by the prayer request for God's forgiveness and guidance.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, help us to see you in the world about us. Help us to respect your word and honor you by obeying it. May we be wise as we study and read, may we become more like you. Keep us from secret and willful sin. Hear our hearts as we seek to speak and think to your glory, through Jesus we pray, Amen.

Psalm 20
A prayer for God's presence (with the king) in times of distress, this psalm can serve well as a prayer for a person facing difficult times. Praying the psalm may be easier if one changes the pronouns to match the situation, e.g. prayer for self, prayer for another. The concluding section expresses confidence in God's ability to save his anointed (the king). Psalm 20:7 is often quoted. Notice the repeated phrase at the beginning and end of the psalm.
Reading: Psalm 20:1-9
The psalm has two major sections. Verse 7 provides either a bridge between the two sections or an introduction to the second section. The first five verses express the hope of God's protection and care. The last half of the psalm is a confession of trust.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, we ask you to answer those in distress and give them protection. May their need be met and their petition be granted so that your name will be glorified. We know that you save your own by your own power. We ask you to save those in distress. Please hear our plea on their behalf, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 21
The theme of God's protection continues. The phrase, "strength of God" appears in the first and last verses of the psalm. Verse 7 provides a centering thought for the psalm and divides it into approximately equal sections (six verses each).
Reading: Psalm 21:1-13
God provides for his people. He does not deny or withhold requests. God richly blesses his own. This confidence anticipates future prosperity and victories through God. The appropriate response is praise.
Prayer
Dear God, we rejoice in your strength and give thanks for every blessing from your hand. Because we trust in you, grant your unfailing love to hold us firm and steady. Your strength can overcome any merely human plans. We seek your way, we exalt you, we sing and praise your name through Jesus, Amen.

Psalm 22
The beginning of David's prayer in a time of suffering is familiar because Jesus quoted it on the cross. Some have compared this psalm to Psalm 69, but here there is no call for divine redress. Matthew and John's accounts of Jesus' suffering in the Passion cite both this psalm and Psalm 69. The New Testament church saw the fulfillment of this psalm in Jesus, the genuinely righteous sufferer. Hebrews 2:12 uses the psalm (verse 22) in a different way. This is the most frequently cited psalm in the New Testament writings.
Reading: Psalm 22:1-31
While it appears that God has forsaken his servant, it is clear that God has been there for Israel (1-5) and for David (6-11). Four figures communicate the Psalmist's distress (12-18). God's deliverance comes as the four figures are treated in verse order (19-21) and praise is due the Lord because of his sure deliverance (22-31).
Note the continuation of the righteousness theme.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, when we cry and it seems you do not answer, please assure us. We confess that you are mighty and we are weak, so we trust in your rescue. In all of the different problems that surround us, we ask your strength. In hope we declare your name, we assemble to praise you. May all come to know you, through Jesus, Amen.

Psalm 23
This well-known psalm corresponds to and shares themes and organization with Psalm 16. Both are confident affirmations of God's care. The general outline of Psalm 16 (God's care, God's provision, and God's protection, provide security in God's presence) is repeated here.
Reading: Psalm 23:1-6
The psalm is metrically interesting and some may wish to explore the structure of the psalm in additional study. To guide reading, one may note that the psalm has eight lines with two balanced sections of four lines each (1-4, 5-6). References to "the Lord" occur in the first and last verses. The careful reader will note the change from third person (he) to second person (you) near the middle of the psalm. The psalm may be among the most frequently memorized of all of the psalms.
Prayer
Dear God, we also today claim you as our shepherd and guide and protector. We confidently seek your nurturing and provision, believing that you can advance in our lives your name, your purpose and righteousness. In difficult days, rescue us from evil and comfort us in the midst of trouble. We gratefully acknowledge your care and abundant provision for your chosen people. Help us live in peace, in goodness and love, anticipating eternity in your continuing presence, through Jesus we pray, Amen.

Psalm 24
This psalm closes the chiastic (formed like the Greek letter chi, similar to the English letter X) structure of the subsection 15-24. This psalm has obvious parallels with Psalm 15 which introduced the section. Those with access to God (15 and 24) confidently confess their dependence on him (16 and 23), and in deliverance from foes (17 and 22) they praise his name (18, 20, 21). God's majestic creation and word (19) reveal him and guide his people toward righteous living.
Reading: Psalm 24:1-10
The ten verses easily divide into three sections: God's ownership of his creation (1-2), God's plan for fellowship and communion with his people (3-6) and God's glorious nature (7-10).
Prayer
Heavenly Father, help us this day to see and recognize your sovereignty as creator and owner of all, including our very lives. May we seek you diligently this day so that we may receive blessing and righteousness. There is none like you, glorious and mighty, King over all. We ascribe to you today all glory and honor and praise, desiring that our lives and our words might reflect your glory. We pray these things in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 25
Four acrostic psalms help provide structural clues for the remainder of Book I (Psalm 1-41). Psalms that use the successive letters of the (Hebrew) alphabet to develop the thought of the psalm are alphabetic acrostics, following an ABCDEFG... pattern, with 22 verses according to the number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet. Psalms 25 and 33 (which is a blank acrostic, structured with 22 verses but wihtout the alphametic progression) frame a subsection which focuses on praise for the God of the covenant who strengthens his people. The relatively well-known Psalm 29 provides a center for this section. (Psalms 34 and 37 provide an acrostic frame for another subsection which contrasts godly wisdom with ungodly wickedness.)
Reading: Psalm 25:1-22
This psalm appeals to God on the basis of the covenant. The four sections are (1-3, initial prayer; 4-7, seeking guidance and pardon; 8-15, confidence in the God of the covenant; 16-22, concluding petition for God's action).
Prayer
Heavenly Father, we are grateful that you are covenant-making and covenant-keeping God, and that you have brought us into relationship with you through the covenant of Christ, sealed with is sacrificial blood applied in our lives in our participation in his death, burial and resurrection through baptism. Help us find constant renewal in this covenant relationship as you see us in our distress and continually remove our sins. We seek to be like you, in integrity and uprightness and hope. Hear us and cleanse us this day, through Jesus we pray, Amen.

Psalm 26
In this psalm, David claims to be blameless and asks for God's intervention based on his unwavering trust. On the basis of his commitment to God, he asks deliverance. In the suggested structure of the psalms, the counterpoint to this psalm is Psalm 32 which describes the joy and blessedness of forgiveness, perhaps best known for its citation in Romans 4.
Reading: Psalm 26:1-12
The psalm naturally divides into two sections. The appeal of verses 1-8 for God's righteous judgment is based on David's love for God, commitment to truth, and refusal of evil. David delights in God. The appeal of verses 9-12 is for God to intervene so that David will not experience the end of the wicked. God's intervention for his servant will demonstrate that God cares for his own and will result in praise to God.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, we are hardly as bold as to claim blamelessness, but today we trust you and diligently seek you. Know our hearts and you will see our commitment to walk in truth. Protect us today from evil and separate us from all that would tear us down. We love your presence in our lives through your Spirit, and we want to be where you are. We praise your glorious name, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 27
David confidently affirms God as his light and salvation, the remedy for fear. In seeking to dwell with God, he seeks God's mercy, based on the covenant relationship. David's faith and reliance on God (verses 1-6) lead to the petition of verses 7-14, and the confident conclusion: "be strong and take heart and wait for the Lord." This phrase appears again at the conclusion of the corresponding psalm (31:24).
Reading: Psalm 27:1-14
Much of the psalm is memorable and resonates with the heart of one committed to God. Faith sees God and fearlessly trusts him. Nothing is better than to dwell with God. Longing hearts wait patiently and confidently for God to act. The psalm concludes with unwavering confidence in God.
Prayer
Dearest Heavenly Father, our light and our salvation, the stronghold of our lives, we do not fear because you are near. We seek to dwell near you and are grateful that you have made this possible through Christ and the gift of your Spirit. We praise you because you are beautiful and wonderful. Hear our call, teach us your ways, protect us this day as we hope in you, in Jesus' name we declare your praise and honor and glory, Amen.

Psalm 28
Another prayer for deliverance from enemies and evil, this psalm continues the general themes (righteousness, deliverance, dependence on God) of many of the psalms contained in Book I (Psalm 1-41). Some of the parallels with Psalm 30 are striking, giving credence to the structure suggested.
Reading: Psalm 28:1-9
After the introductory appeal (1-2), the psalm has three sections. These are a request for deliverance (3-5); words of praise (6-7), and a reaffirmation of God's relationship to and care for his people (8-9).
Prayer
Heavenly Father, we call to you because we need to see your response, lest we be overwhelmed as others who are nearing death. We ask your protection today as we honor your name and works. We joyfully praise you, trusting you and thanking you. Many of your people are struggling today, and we ask you to be strength and fortress, saving and blessing, carrying us to you. In Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 29
This creation psalm provides a center for the subsection of Psalms 25-33. The psalm may be read aloud in a meaningful way by emphasizing loudly the phrases "the Lord" and "the voice of the Lord." The Lord's greatness surpasses all, and his voice powerfully resounds in all his creation. The psalm may be classified also as a praise hymn.
Reading: Psalm 29:1-11
The psalm is organized with a two-verse introduction, two-verse conclusion, and body of seven verses. Note the frequent usage of the name of God (Yahweh), "the one who exists simply because he exists," "I am because I am," "I am that I am."
Verses 1-2 summon all creation to worship and honor God. The body praises the Lord for the glory of creation. The conclusion declares the exalted Lord as the one who gives strength and blessing to his people.
Prayer
Heavenly Father, in the world in which we live and move today, we see your awesome and majestic power. We hardly understand the power of a voice that can speak things into existence, a voice that controls all else. We ask your strength in our lives today, protecting us and sustaining us, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 30
This psalm of praise celebrates deliverance, apparently from death. The phrase "going down to the pit" links this psalm with Psalm 28 as do parallel thoughts concerning calling to the Lord and receiving help. The psalm opens and closes with commitments to exalt the Lord and give thanks forever. The title of the psalm links it to the dedication of the temple.
Reading: Psalm 30:1-12
The introductory praise (1-3) is followed by four sections.
Verses 4-5 call the people who have assembled to praise God.
Verses 6-7 call attention back to God, reflecting the ease with which David felt secure in his own power. In such ways do the wicked think, but David was called back to God by God's apparent withdrawal and absence.
Verses 8-10 remind that self-reliance is temporal. David appeals to God to rescue him, claiming that his death would serve no purpose in proclaiming God's faithfulness.
Finally, verses 11-12 show David's delight as God answers. Thus the commitment to give thanks forever.
Note: Several favorite memory verses appear throughout this section of the psalms. The reader is encouraged to underline favorite passages to assist in future study and reading.
Prayer
Dear God, we recognize that you are the great Doer and Accomplisher of all that has been made possible and been done in our lives. We are not capable of ourselves, and thus we trust in you, even in difficult and dark days when we cannot see the way. Help us not to become proud when things go well. We praise your name this day, may we never be silent. Above all, we praise you for the love demonstrated in the gift of Jesus as he in his death paid the price for our sins. We gratefully pray in his name, Amen.

Psalm 31
This psalm, like the corresponding Psalm 27, is an appeal for rescue in the face of accusers. Jesus cited part of this psalm (31:5) while on the cross. The psalm is introduced by nine poetic lines, the body of the prayer of the psalm is in verses 9-18, and the psalm closes with nine poetic lines. (The NIV 2002 marks the lines of Hebrew poetry by beginning each of the nine lines at the full left margin with subsequent indents to complete the poetic lines.) The body of the psalm asks God to respond to David's unwavering trust.
Reading: Psalm 31:1-24
The Lord is the refuge of the faithful; David confesses loyal trust based on God's past mercies (1-8).
The distress seems to refer to a conspiracy against the author and the disloyalty of even his closest friends (9-18). Such often occurred when God's blessings or presence were withdrawn, as in the case of Job's friends and their arguments against Job.
David anticipates God's faithful action (19-24). Note that the last verse is approximately parallel to the last verse of the structurally corresponding psalm (Psalm 27:14).
Prayer
Dear God, our refuge and fortress, we depend upon you for rescue from the troubles around us. You have blessed us in the past and we ask you to continue to bestow your loving kindness and great grace. We place ourselves in your hands and ask you to still and defeat the words of those who oppose your people. Save us in your unfailing love as we confess your goodness and seek the shelter of your presence. We hope in you, make us strong and brave, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 32
The blessedness of one forgiven is beyond description. Here is the grateful response of one who confesses sins and experiences God's forgiveness. The beginning verses of the psalm are cited by Paul in Romans 4. This psalm is traditionally listed as a penitential psalm.
Reading: Psalm 32:1-11
The introduction (1-2) and conclusion (11) frame three sections: the necessity and importance of confession (3-5), the beauty of life secured by God (6-7), and the importance of learning the nature of God's forgiveness so the same mistake of not confessing and confronting sin is not repeated (8-10). Note the focus on righteousness and uprightness. Surely the upright and righteous will rejoice and praise God.
Prayer
Dear Heavenly Father, we long for the blessing of forgiveness and so we bring before you our sins and we acknowledge our iniquity. We seek security in you. Help us learn your ways and grow in understanding, so that we will trust you and praise your name. In Jesus' name we pray, Amen.

Psalm 33
The transition from Psalm 32 to Psalm 33 occurs with an obvious repetition. The first verse of Psalm 33 is very much like the last verse of Psalm 32. Psalm 33 is a praise psalm celebrating God's sovereign rule among his people. The psalm may have been used a responsive reading originally, and lends itself well to responsive reading in the contemporary church as a call to praise and worship.
Reading: Psalm 33:1-22
The introductory call to praise (1-3) and the concluding response (20-22) frame words of praise that list various reasons for praising God. Today's psalm is enjoyable reading, especially meaningful when read aloud.
Prayer
Dear God, our Yahweh Lord, it is right for us to praise your name and joyously celebrate your rule in our lives. You are faithful and loving, righteous and just. Your power has created all and you continually work out your purpose among your people. Thank you for making us and blessing us to your purpose and glory. We hopefully wait this day, seeking your unfailing love. Help us so live as to declare your presence and glory. Thank you for the eternal blessing of salvation in Jesus, through whom we approach your throne in prayer, Amen.

Psalm 34
A small grouping of four psalms (34-37) opens and closes with acrostic psalms. The section is characterized by instruction in wisdom. The title connects the psalm with the Abimelech rebellion and David's pretended insanity, through which God protected him.
Reading: Psalm 34:1-22
This psalm begins with typical words of praise and trust (1-7), but sounds more like a wisdom psalm in the body of the psalm where one finds instructions for godly living (8-14). The conclusion assures that God hears the righteous and delivers the righteous (15-22).
Prayer
Heavenly Father, we depend always on you and praise you because we have seen your deliverance and help and comfort in times past. You bless those who walk with you. You deliver and show yourself an ever-present help. In the midst of life's difficult moments and challenges, we seek you, believing you protect and comfort those who take refuge in you. Deliver us from evil and continually turn us away from sin as you forgive us with the constant washing of Jesus' blood. We pray in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 35
Many of the psalms of Book I (1-41) are appeals to God to act in times of distress or danger. Living in the midst of those who have no fear of God is difficult and there are many who oppose God's people and God's ways. In the midst of life in this world, God rescues and secures those who fear him. The themes of love, trust, and righteousness continue to run as threads through the section.
Reading: Psalm 35:1-28
The psalm has seven stanzas and a concluding verse that promises to praise the Lord. The stanzas occur in a 2-3-2 pattern. Two introductory stanzas (four lines each) appeal to the Lord and are balanced by two concluding stanzas (four lines each) that echo the initial appeal. Three internal or center stanzas contain appeal (five lines), accusation (seven lines), and appeal (five lines). The symmetry of the psalm assists in reading for understanding. Those who read in Bibles without marked paragraphs may wish to insert paragraph or stanza notations.
1-3, Introductory: appeal to the Lord
4-6, Introductory: appeal to the Lord
7-10, Appeal to the Lord to save
11-16, Accusation against the opponents
17-21, Appeal to the Lord to save
22-25, Renewed appeal to the Lord to take up the cause of the author
26-27, Appeal which parallels that of 4-6
28, Commitment to praise
Prayer
Dear God, today we ask again that you will help us to see that we are not alone in the struggles of this world. Especially we ask your intervention against the forces that would work against our good and confident trust in you. We ask your help in times of illness, bereavement, and conflict. As Christians we can see much more of your love and presence than could David, because you have revealed yourself in Jesus Christ. Thank you for helping us see, thank you for salvation through Jesus, thank you for hearing us, in his name, Amen.

Psalm 36
In one sense a continuation of Psalm 35, this psalm is another prayer for God's judgment upon wickedness and God's faithful love to the upright in heart. Later, verses 7-10 were part of the Morning Prayer among the Jews.
Reading: Psalm 36:1-12
The introduction (verse 1) is followed by four stanzas, each of which has three lines of Hebrew poetry: 2-4, 4-7a, 7b-9, and 10-12. These stanzas describe the wicked (2-4), extol the character of the Lord (4-7a), recount the Lord's care for his creation (7b-9), and ask the Lord to continue his love and righteous to his people while binding the activity of the wicked (10-12).
Prayer
Dearest Heavenly Father, we marvel at the boundless nature of your love and faithfulness, your righteousness and justice. You sustain us and are our fountain of life and source of light. We ask your loving presence this day to protect us as you control the evil in this world to accomplish your purpose. In Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 37
This acrostic psalm clearly echoes the godly instruction of a wisdom psalm. The acrostic, with a few exceptions, uses two verses for each letter of the Hebrew alphabet, totaling 40 verses.
Reading: Psalm 37:1-40
Verses 1-11 summarize the primary thrust of the psalm, expanded in the remaining verses. A good way to read the psalm is by meditating on the various phrases and praying through the psalm.
Prayer
Dear God, we trust you and delight in your presence in our lives today. Help us commit ourselves to you more fully each day. May we not become discouraged when it seems that evil is succeeding. We hope in you, our salvation and stronghold. In Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 38
The next four psalms (38-41), concluding Book I, are petitions for deliverance, reflecting a frequent theme in this section (Psalms 1-41). They are linked by several common themes, but especially in view is confession of sin. Each is an appeal for God's help during a time of severe difficulty. The situation of this psalm apparently arises as the result of something David has done against the Lord. Traditionally, this psalm is counted among the penitential psalms.
Reading: Psalm 38:1-22
The psalm has 22 verses (apparently based on the number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet) and has five stanzas (four verses each) followed by the conclusion (21-22). The stanzas include an appeal to the Lord to lift the burden, a description of the impact of the distress, another appeal, a commitment to wait for the Lord, and confession of sin. The conclusion does not follow the expected pattern of praise and confidence, but echoes the appeal: "Lord, do not forsake me...be not far from me?come quickly to help me...."
Prayer
Dear God, we bring many ills and problems upon ourselves, and we ask you to lift burdens from our hearts when they become too much to bear and threaten to overwhelm us. When we are low and discouraged, we need your help. You know our hearts, so we patiently wait, confident that you will act according to your will and purpose on behalf of those who seek you. We confess our sin and human weakness. Therefore we need you constantly with us to help us and save us. We are grateful that you have provided our need for salvation in Jesus and our need for your presence through the Holy Spirit. We come before you in the name of Jesus, Amen.

Psalm 39
David asks God's presence in the midst of the uncertainty of life. He may be experiencing another time of illness which he understands as a judgment from God (verses 10-11). David vows silence but then seeks understanding of life's brevity. He humbly asks relief from God's judgment, even as he anticipates death.
Reading: Psalm 39:1-13
The psalm follows a 5-3-5-3 pattern, reflecting two equal halves which use the same poetic structure in Hebrew. The center of the psalm (39:6) may remind one of Ecclesiastes. David prays and humbly waits and hopes, even though it seems God is far away.
Prayer
Dear God, life is short and we are soon gone. We long to understand your ways, knowing that your purpose in this world preceded us and will remain after us. We hope in you to save us despite our human frailty and failures. Hear our prayer and restore to us rejoicing in you, confident of your salvation. We thank you for salvation in Jesus, and we pray in his name, Amen.

Psalm 40
Troubles abound, but "blessed is the man who makes the Lord his trust" (40:4). God has shown himself faithful; he has delivered his people in times past. God does not want from his people mere sacrifice and offering. He desires those will do his will and maintain his law, proclaiming his righteousness and faithfulness. The psalmist prays for God's help and deliverance.
Reading: Psalm 40:1-17
The psalm begins by recounting God's past help (1-5), affirms David's commitment to do God's will (6-8), and praises God's faithfulness (9-10), out of which arises the plea for help (11-17).
Prayer
Heavenly Father, we praise your name for how you have worked in our lives in times past, even in saving us through Jesus. We want others to see and understand, so we commit ourselves to do you will and follow your ways. We want to declare boldly and openly your faithfulness, your love, and your truth. In the midst of a world that often turns from you, continue to work for good in our lives, delivering and helping us, and we will joyfully and gladly exalt your name. Thank you for giving us Jesus as our hope and salvation, we pray in his name, Amen.

Psalm 41
This psalm is also a prayer for help in a time of illness. The blessing of 41:1 completes the parenthesis that frames Book I (Psalms 1 and 2, 40 and 41). Steh suggests that verse 13 is not technically a part of the psalm, but is rather a doxology for Book I of the Psalms. The doxology marks the end of the first major division of the Psalms.
Reading: Psalm 41:1-13
The psalm has four stanzas (1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12/13) which may be read as verses in a song or poem. Because God protects, it is right to call upon his for mercy, especially when enemies oppose and friends desert, confidently affirming God's support and eternal presence.
Prayer
Dear God, make us like you. Because you protect your own, we call upon you to meet the needs of our lives and to heal us when we sin. Regardless of what others may think or say, we call to you for mercy. When we are not overwhelmed, we see it as an evidence of your presence in our lives. Uphold us by your power, even as you restored our relationship with you through the death of your Son on the cross, in Jesus' name, Amen.